In New Testament times, Ephesus was an important Roman trading port in western Asia Minor along the Aegean Sea at the mouth of the Cayster River. The famous Artemis temple was just northeast of the city and was ranked as one of the seven wonders of the ancient world.

Paul lived in Ephesus for more than two years during his third missionary journey making this an important city for his work in the entire province. Paul's evangelism brought him into conflict with the silversmiths making miniatures of Artemis. As Christianity spread the demand for the silver shrines was threatened.

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